Campbell-Walsh Urology – 2020 | کتاب اورولوژی کمپبل

Campbell-Walsh Urology – 2020 | کتاب اورولوژی کمپبل

 Campbell-Walsh Urology – 2020 – جدیدترین ویرایش از کتاب اورولوژی کمپل

تضمین بهترین کیفیت و قیمت | چاپ تمام رنگی | چهار جلدی

کتاب اورولوژی کمپل ۲۰۲۰ 

From the basic science underpinnings to the most recent developments in medical and surgical care, Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology offers a depth and breadth of coverage you won’t find in any other urology reference. Now in three manageable volumes, the revised 12th Edition is a must-have text for students, residents, and seasoned practitioners, with authoritative, up-to-date content in an intuitively organized, easy-to-read format featuring key points, quick-reference tables, and handy algorithms throughout

Alan W. Partin & Craig A. Peters & Louis R. Kavoussi & Roger R. Dmochowski & Alan J. Wein

Product details – کتاب اورولوژی کمپل

• Table of Contents

• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Contributors
• Video Contents
• Volume I
• Part I Clinical Decision Making
• ۱ Evaluation of the Urologic Patient
• ۲ Evaluation of the Urologic Patient
• ۳ Urinary Tract Imaging
• ۴ Urinary Tract Imaging
• ۵ Urinary Tract Imaging
• ۶ Assessment of Urologic and Surgical Outcomes
• ۷ Ethics and Informed Consent
• Part II Basics of Urologic Surgery
• ۸ Principles of Urologic Surgery
• ۹ Principles of Urologic Surgery
• ۱۰ Principles of Urologic Surgery
• ۱۱ Lower Urinary Tract Catheterization
• ۱۲ Fundamentals of Upper Urinary Tract Drainage
• ۱۳ Principles of Urologic Endoscopy
• ۱۴ Fundamentals of Laparoscopic and Robotic Urologic Surgery
• ۱۵ Basic Energy Modalities in Urologic Surgery
• ۱۶ Evaluation and Management of Hematuria
• ۱۷ Complications of Urologic Surgery
• ۱۸ Urologic Considerations in Pregnancy
• ۱۹ Intraoperative Consultation
• Part III Pediatric Urology
• Section A Development and Prenatal Urology
• ۲۰ Embryology of the Genitourinary Tract
• ۲۱ Urologic Aspects of Pediatric Nephrology
• ۲۲ Perinatal Urology
• ۲۳ Urologic Evaluation of the Child
• ۲۴ Pediatric Urogenital Imaging
• ۲۵ Infection and Inflammation of the Pediatric Genitourinary Tract
• ۲۶ Core Principles of Perioperative Management in Children
• ۲۷ Principles of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Children
• ۲۸ Clinical and Urodynamic Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children
• ۲۹ Management Strategies for Vesicoureteral Reflux
• ۳۱ Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex
• ۳۲ Prune-Belly Syndrome
• ۳۳ Posterior Urethral Valves
• ۳۴ Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children
• ۳۵ Functional Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children
• ۳۶ Management of Defecation Disorders
• ۳۷ Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Children
• ۳۸ Anomalies of the Upper Urinary Tract
• ۳۹ Renal Dysgenesis and Cystic Disease of the Kidney
• ۴۰ Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Obstruction
• ۴۱ Ectopic Ureter, Ureterocele, and Ureteral Anomalies
• ۴۲ Surgery of the Ureter in Children
• ۴۳ Management of Pediatric Kidney Stone Disease
• ۴۴ Management of Abnormalities of the External Genitalia in Boys
• ۴۵ Hypospadias
• ۴۶ Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of the Undescended Testis
• ۴۷ Management of Abnormalities of the Genitalia in Girls
• ۴۸ Disorders of Sexual Development
• ۴۹ Surgical Management of Differences of Sexual Differentiation and Cloacal and Anorectal Malformations
• ۵۰ Adolescent and Transitional Urology
• ۵۱ Urologic Considerations in Pediatric Renal Transplantation
• ۵۲ Pediatric Genitourinary Trauma
• ۵۳ Pediatric Urologic Oncology
• Neuroblastoma
• Wilms Tumor
• References
• ۵۴ Pediatric Urologic Oncology
• Volume II
• Part IV Infections and Inflammation
• ۵۵ Infections of the Urinary Tract
• ۵۶ Inflammatory and Pain Conditions of the Male Genitourinary Tract
• ۵۷ Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Related Disorders
• ۵۸ Sexually Transmitted Diseases*
• ۵۹ Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia
• ۶۰ Tuberculosis and Parasitic Infections of the Genitourinary Tract
• Part V Molecular and Cellular Biology
• ۶۱ Basic Principles of Immunology and Immunotherapy in Urologic Oncology
• ۶۲ Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology
• Part VI Reproductive and Sexual Function
• ۶۳ Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
• ۶۴ Male Reproductive Physiology
• ۶۵ Integrated Men’s Health
• ۶۶ Male Infertility
• ۶۷ Surgical Management of Male Infertility
• ۶۸ Physiology of Penile Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction
• ۶۹ Evaluation and Management of Erectile Dysfunction
• ۷۰ Priapism
• ۷۱ Disorders of Male Orgasm and Ejaculation
• ۷۲ Surgery for Erectile Dysfunction
• ۷۳ Diagnosis and Management of Peyronie’s Disease
• ۷۴ Sexual Function and Dysfunction in the Female
• Part VII Male Genitalia
• ۷۵ Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum
• ۷۶ Neoplasms of the Testis
• ۷۷ Surgery of Testicular Tumors
• ۷۸ Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy for Testicular Tumors
• ۷۹ Tumors of the Penis
• ۸۰ Tumors of the Urethra
• ۸۱ Inguinal Node Dissection
• ۸۲ Surgery for Benign Disorders of the Penis and Urethra
• ۸۳ Surgery of the Scrotum and Seminal Vesicles
• Part VIII Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology
• ۸۴ Surgical, Radiologic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Kidney and Ureter
• ۸۵ Physiology and Pharmacology of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter
• ۸۶ Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology Including Renovascular Hypertension
• ۸۷ Renal Insufficiency and Ischemic Nephropathy
• ۸۸ Urologic Complications of Renal Transplantation
• Part IX Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction and Trauma
• ۸۹ Management of Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction
• ۹۰ Upper Urinary Tract Trauma
• Part X Urinary Lithiasis and Endourology
• ۹۱ Urinary Lithiasis
• ۹۲ Evaluation and Medical Management of Urinary Lithiasis
• ۹۳ Strategies for Nonmedical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi
• ۹۴ Surgical Management for Upper Urinary Tract Calculi
• ۹۵ Lower Urinary Tract Calculi
• Part XI Neoplasms of the Upper Urinary Tract
• ۹۶ Benign Renal Tumors
• ۹۷ Malignant Renal Tumors
• ۹۸ Urothelial Tumors of the Upper Urinary Tract and Ureter
• ۹۹ Surgical Management of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Tumors
• ۱۰۰ Retroperitoneal Tumors
• ۱۰۱ Open Surgery of the Kidney
• ۱۰۲ Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery of the Kidney
• ۱۰۳ Nonsurgical Focal Therapy for Renal Tumors
• ۱۰۴ Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
• • Volume III
  • Part XII The Adrenals
  • ۱۰۵ Surgical and Radiographic Anatomy of the Adrenals
  • Anatomic Relationships
  • Surgical Landmarks
  • Adrenal Vasculature
  • Adrenal Nerves
  • Embryology
  • Histology
  • Radiology
  • Conclusion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۰۶ Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management of Adrenal Disorders
  • Historical Background
  • Adrenal Anatomy and Embryology
  • Adrenal Physiology
  • Adrenal Disorders
  • Evaluation of Adrenal Lesions in Urologic Practice
  • Conclusions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۰۷ Surgery of the Adrenal Glands
  • Evolution of Adrenal Surgery
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Clinical Indications for Adrenalectomy
  • Indications and Contraindications for Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
  • Preoperative and Perioperative Management
  • Open Adrenalectomy
  • Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
  • Robot-Assisted Adrenalectomy
  • Robot-Assisted Posterior Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy
  • Hand-Assisted Surgery
  • Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Adrenalectomy
  • Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery–Assisted Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
  • Partial Adrenalectomy
  • Outcomes
  • Complications
  • Ablative Therapy for Adrenal Tumors
  • Future of Adrenal Surgery
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Part XIII Urine Transport, Storage, and Emptying
  • ۱۰۸ Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Female Pelvis
  • Surgical Anatomy of the Female Pelvis
  • Radiographic Anatomy of the Female Pelvis
  • References
  • ۱۰۹ Surgical, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Male Pelvis
  • Bony Pelvis
  • Lower Abdominal Wall
  • Soft Tissues of the Pelvis
  • Perineum
  • Pelvic Circulation
  • Pelvic Viscera
  • Endoscopic Anatomy
  • Radiographic Anatomy
  • References
  • ۱۱۰ Physiology and Pharmacology of the Bladder and Urethra
  • Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy
  • Bladder Compartments
  • Overview of the Urethra
  • Urothelial Physiology
  • Smooth Muscle Physiology
  • Bladder Mechanics
  • Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Relevance
  • Future Research
  • References
  • ۱۱۱ Pathophysiology and Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
  • Normal Lower Urinary Tract Function: Overview
  • Micturition Cycle: Simplification and Overview
  • Abnormalities of Filling/Storage and Emptying/Voiding: Overview of Pathophysiology
  • Classification Systems
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۲ Evaluation and Management of Women With Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse
  • Definition and Impact of Pelvic Floor Disorders
  • Diagnostic Evaluation
  • Physical Examination
  • Supplemental Evaluation
  • Management
  • Conclusion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۳ Evaluation and Management of Men With Urinary Incontinence
  • Types of Urinary Incontinence
  • Evaluation
  • Principal Methods of Treating Men With Urinary Incontinence
  • Management of Different Urinary Incontinence Types in Men
  • Conclusion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۴ Urodynamic and Video-Urodynamic Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract
  • Role of Urodynamics in Clinical Practice
  • Conducting a Urodynamic Study: Patient and Technical Factors
  • Components of the Urodynamic Study
  • Urodynamic Equipment
  • The Urodynamic Study: Analysis and Interpetation
  • Videourodynamics
  • Ambulatory Urodynamics
  • Clinical Applications of Urodynamic Studies: Evidence-Based Review and Guidelines Pertaining to Urodynamics
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • ۱۱۵ Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Prolapse
  • Definition and Classification of Urinary Incontinence
  • Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Incontinence
  • Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence in Women
  • Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Women
  • Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence in Men
  • Definitions and Classification of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Epidemiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Relationship Between Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Consequences of Urinary Incontinence and Prolapse
  • Physiology of Urinary Continence
  • Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence: General Principles
  • Pathophysiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women
  • Pathophysiology of Insensible Incontinence
  • Pelvic Floor Support Mechanism
  • Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۶ Neuromuscular Dysfunction of the Lower Urinary Tract
  • Objectives
  • Patterns of Neuropathic Voiding Dysfunction
  • Diseases at or Above the Brainstem
  • Diseases Primarily Involving the Spinal Cord
  • Disease Distal to the Spinal Cord
  • Miscellaneous Neurologic Diseases Causing Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
  • Miscellaneous Conditions Definitely, Probably, or Possibly Related to Neuromuscular Dysfunction
  • Treatment of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Overview
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۷ Overactive Bladder
  • Terminology and Definitions
  • Epidemiology and Economics
  • Pathophysiology and Etiology
  • Clinical Assessment
  • Management
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۸ The Underactive Detrusor
  • Terminology, Definitions, and Symptoms
  • Epidemiology
  • Etiopathogenesis
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Conclusions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۱۹ Nocturia
  • Rationale for Evaluation and Management
  • Evaluation
  • Cause and Management
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۰ Pharmacologic Management of Lower Urinary Tract Storage and Emptying Failure
  • Introduction
  • Pharmacologic Therapy to Facilitate Bladder Filling and Urine Storage
  • Pharmacologic Therapy to Facilitate Bladder Emptying
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۱ Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence
  • Indications
  • Assessment Before Behavioral Treatments
  • Patient Education
  • Pelvic Floor Muscle Training
  • Behavioral Training With Urge Suppression
  • Role of Biofeedback
  • Pelvic Floor Muscle Electrical Stimulation
  • Bladder Training and Scheduled Voiding Regimens
  • Behavioral Treatment for Voiding and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
  • Prevention of Urinary Incontinence
  • Vaginal and Urethral Mechanical Devices for Incontinence
  • Models of Delivery
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۲ Electrical Stimulation and Neuromodulation in Storage and Emptying Failure
  • History of Electrical Stimulation
  • Neurophysiology Relevant to Electrical Stimulation for Storage and Voiding Disorders
  • Sacral Anterior Root Stimulation and Sacral Dorsal Rhizotomy
  • Goal and Effect of Dorsal Rhizotomy of the Sacral Nerves
  • Current and Future Perspectives for Neurostimulation
  • Working Mechanism of Electrical Stimulation in Non-Neurogenic Storage and Voiding Disorders
  • Techniques of Electrostimulation of the Lower Urinary Tract
  • Constant Versus Intermittent Stimulation
  • Rechargeable Neurostimulator
  • Other Issues
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۳ Retropubic Suspension Surgery for Incontinence in Women
  • Therapeutic Options
  • Choice of Surgical Technique
  • Assessing Outcomes of Therapy
  • Indications for Retropubic Repair
  • General Technical Issues
  • Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz Procedure
  • Burch Colposuspension
  • Paravaginal Repair
  • Vagino-Obturator Shelf Repair
  • Laparoscopic Retropubic Suspension
  • Complications of Retropubic Repairs
  • Comparisons of Incontinence Procedures
  • World Without Mesh
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۴ Vaginal and Abdominal Reconstructive Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Preparing the Patient for Prolapse Surgery
  • Use of Mesh in Vaginal Surgery: Current Controversy
  • Surgical Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • References
  • ۱۲۵ Slings
  • The Evolution of Slings
  • Pathophysiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Sling Mechanism of Action
  • The Age of the Mid-Urethral Sling
  • Preoperative Assessment
  • Alternative Treatment Options
  • Pubovaginal Sling (PVS)
  • Pubovaginal Sling Operative Procedure
  • Outcomes of Pubovaginal Slings for Predominantly Stress Urinary Incontinence
  • Outcomes of Autologous Pubovaginal Slings for Mixed Urinary Incontinence
  • Outcomes of Autologous Pubovaginal Slings for Urethral Reconstruction
  • Voiding Dysfunction Secondary to Bladder Outlet Obstruction After Pubovaginal Sling Surgery
  • Complications of Pubovaginal Slings
  • Mid-Urethral Slings
  • Mid-Urethral Sling Operative Procedures
  • Complications of Retropubic, Transobturator, and Single-Incision Mid-Urethral Slings
  • Mid-Urethral Sling Trocar Injury to the Urinary Tract
  • Sexual Dysfunction After Mid-Urethral Sling Surgery
  • Other Complications After Mid-Urethral Sling Surgery
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۶ Complications Related to the Use of Mesh and Their Repair
  • Mesh and Its Properties
  • Mesh Slings for Stress Urinary Incontinence
  • Risk Factors for Mesh Sling Complications
  • Mesh Complications Among the Three Slings
  • Male Mesh Slings
  • References
  • ۱۲۷ Additional Therapies for Storage and Emptying Failure
  • Additional Therapies for Storage Failure at the Bladder Level
  • Additional Therapies for Storage Failure at the Bladder Outlet
  • Additional Therapies for Emptying
  • Additional Therapies for Storage and Emptying Failure: Circumventing the Problem
  • Summary
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۸ Aging and Geriatric Urology
  • Biology and Principles of Aging
  • Demographics of Aging
  • Clinical Evaluation of the Geriatric Urology Patient
  • End-of-Life Care and Urology
  • Summary
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۲۹ Urinary Tract Fistulae
  • General Considerations
  • Vesicovaginal Fistulae
  • Iatrogenic Fistulae
  • Ureteric Fistulae
  • Vesicouterine Fistulae
  • Urethrovaginal Fistulae
  • Uroenteric Fistulae
  • Pyeloenteric Fistulae
  • Rectourethral Fistulae
  • Urovascular Fistulae
  • Renovascular and Pyelovascular Fistulae
  • Ureterovascular Fistulae
  • Oncologic and Radiation Fistulae
  • Cancer Surgery
  • Radiation Fistulae
  • Other Urinary Fistulae
  • Acknowledgments
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۰ Bladder and Female Urethral Diverticula
  • Bladder Diverticula
  • Female Urethral Diverticula
  • Urethral Diverticula
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۱ Surgical Procedures for Sphincteric Incontinence in the Male
  • Classification, Pathophysiology, and Etiology
  • Indications for Surgery
  • Technique of Device Implantation
  • Artificial Urinary Sphincter Complications
  • Long-Term Results of Artificial Urinary Sphincters and Slings
  • Future Directions
  • Summary
  • Acknowledgment
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Part XIV Benign and Malignant Bladder Disorders
  • ۱۳۲ Bladder Surgery for Benign Disease
  • Bladder Anatomy and Surgical Considerations
  • Bladder Diverticulectomy
  • Ureteral Reimplantation
  • Psoas Hitch and Boari Flap
  • Enterocystoplasty
  • Partial Cystectomy and Urachal Surgery
  • Bladder Stones and Foreign-Body Removal
  • References
  • ۱۳۳ Genital and Lower Urinary Tract Trauma
  • Injuries of the External Genitalia
  • Bladder Injury
  • Urethral Injury
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۴ Special Urologic Considerations in Transgender Individuals
  • Urologic Issues in Gender Nonconforming Youths
  • Urologic Issues in Male-to-Female Transsexuals (Transwomen)
  • Urologic Issues in Female-to-Male Transsexuals (Transmen)
  • Postoperative Care, Follow-Up, and Urethral Complications
  • Conclusion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۵ Tumors of the Bladder
  • Epidemiology
  • Economic Impact
  • Risk Factors
  • Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma
  • Pathology
  • Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma
  • References
  • ۱۳۶ Management Strategies for Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (Ta, T1, and CIS)
  • Pathology: Grading and Staging
  • Endoscopic Surgical Management
  • Intravesical Therapy
  • Refractory High-Grade Disease
  • Surveillance and Prevention
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۷ Management of Muscle-Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer
  • Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Evaluation
  • Radical Cystectomy and Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
  • Adjuvant Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
  • Prognostic Nomograms for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
  • Management of Metastatic Bladder Cancer
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۸ Surgical Management of Bladder Cancer
  • Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors
  • Patient Preparation
  • Surgical Technique
  • Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
  • Radical Cystectomy: Male
  • Radical Cystectomy: Female
  • Partial Cystectomy
  • Robotic Radical Cystectomy
  • Acknowledgments
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۳۹ Use of Intestinal Segments in Urinary Diversion
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Selecting the Segment of Intestine
  • Preparing the Bowel for Surgery and Postoperative Recovery
  • Intestinal Anastomoses
  • Ureterointestinal Anastomoses
  • Renal Deterioration
  • Urinary Diversion
  • Metabolic and Neurochemical Problems of Urinary Intestinal Diversion
  • Summary
  • References
  • ۱۴۰ Cutaneous Continent Urinary Diversion
  • General Considerations
  • Patient Selection
  • Patient Preparation
  • Cystectomy
  • Postoperative Care and Comments
  • Continent Urinary Diversion
  • Quality-of-Life Assessments
  • Variations in Operative Technique
  • Summary
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۴۱ Orthotopic Urinary Diversion
  • History of Orthotopic Urinary Diversion
  • Basic Principles of Continent Orthotopic Urinary Diversion
  • Patient Selection
  • Continence Mechanism in Patients Undergoing Orthotopic Diversion
  • Surgical Techniques for Continence Preservation During Radical Cystectomy
  • Techniques for Orthotopic Bladder Substitution
  • Results and Complications of Orthotopic Urinary Diversion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۴۲ Minimally Invasive Urinary Diversion
  • Incorporation of Robot-Assisted Approach
  • Patient Selection
  • Surgeon Choice
  • Preoperative Care
  • Patient Position and Port Placement
  • Anatomic Considerations in Men
  • Anatomic Considerations in Women
  • Ileal Conduit
  • Intracorporeal Neobladder
  • Future Directions
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • Part XV The Prostate
  • ۱۴۳ Development, Molecular Biology, and Physiology of the Prostate
  • Developmental and Cell Biology
  • Endocrine Control of Prostate Growth
  • Prostatic Secretions and Proteins
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۴۴ Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Pathophysiology
  • Epidemiology and Natural History
  • Complications of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۴۵ Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Diagnostic Evaluation
  • Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Caused by Benign Prostatic Enlargement
  • Androgen Manipulation
  • Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists
  • β۳-Agonist (Mirabegron)
  • Phytotherapy
  • Prognosis of Patients Receiving Medical Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
  • Acute Urinary Retention
  • Future Directions in Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • References
  • ۱۴۶ Minimally Invasive and Endoscopic Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  • Introduction
  • Epidemiology and Marketshare
  • Workup
  • Defining Outcomes
  • Presurgical Factors
  • Specific Technologies
  • Failed, Failing, and Future Directions
  • Conclusion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۴۷ Simple Prostatectomy
  • Indications for Simple Prostatectomy
  • Preoperative Evaluation
  • Operating Day Preparation
  • Surgical Technique
  • Postoperative Management
  • Postoperative Management
  • Complications of Simple Prostatectomy
  • Summary
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۴۸ Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Prostate Cancer
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Etiology and Molecular Genetics
  • Chemoprevention
  • Pharmacologic Agents
  • Vitamins and Micronutrients
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • ۱۴۹ Prostate Cancer Biomarkers
  • Biomarker Development
  • Assessment of Biomarker Performance
  • Blood-Based Biomarkers
  • Urine-Based Biomarkers
  • Tissue-Based Biomarkers
  • Summary
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۵۰ Prostate Biopsy
  • Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Prostate
  • Gray-Scale Transrectal Ultrasonography
  • Prostate Biopsy: Techniques and Outcomes
  • Advanced and Investigational Techniques for Prostate Biopsy
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۵۱ Pathology of Prostatic Neoplasia
  • Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Subtypes of Prostate Adenocarcinoma
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۵۲ Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer
  • Diagnosis
  • Staging
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۵۳ Active Management Strategies for Localized Prostate Cancer
  • Host Evaluation
  • Selection of Treatment: Comparative Studies
  • Patient Counseling: a Stepwise Decision Approach
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • ۱۵۴ Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer
  • The Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment Problem
  • The Natural History of Prostate Cancer
  • Outcome of Active Surveillance
  • Other Risk Factors
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Caveats of Tissue-Based Genomics
  • Psychological Aspects
  • Lifestyle Management
  • Pharmacologic Intervention
  • Summary
  • GAP 3
  • Barriers to Active Surveillance
  • Research Questions
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • ۱۵۵ Open Radical Prostatectomy
  • Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: Surgical Anatomy
  • Surgical Technique
  • Complications
  • Summary of Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۵۶ Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
  • Evolution of Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic Prostatectomy
  • Patient Selection
  • Instrumentation
  • Preoperative Preparation
  • Surgical Technique
  • Postoperative Management
  • Complications of Robotic Prostatectomy
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Functional Outcomes
  • Salvage Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
  • Minimally Invasive Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection
  • Summary
  • References
  • ۱۵۷ Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
  • Historical Perspective and Technological Advances
  • External Beam Radiation Treatment (Also See Outcomes for External Beam Radiation)
  • Brachytherapy
  • Androgen Suppression Combined With Radiation
  • Role of Prophylactic Pelvic Nodal Treatment
  • Treatment Morbidity and Quality-of-Life Outcomes
  • Evaluating the Response to Radiation Therapy
  • Treatment Efficacy
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۵۸ Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer
  • Introduction
  • Concepts and Historical Perspective
  • Biologic Basis for Prostate Focal Therapy
  • Clinical Applications of Focal Therapy
  • Patient Selection
  • Advanced Imaging Techniques in Prostate Cancer
  • Promising Imaging Modalities
  • Ablation Patterns and Current Technologies
  • Conclusions and Areas for Future Research
  • References
  • ۱۵۹ Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
  • Definition
  • Trends in Incidence and Treatment
  • Natural History
  • Radical Prostatectomy
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Focal Ablative Therapy
  • Androgen Deprivation and Its Timing
  • Management of Delayed Sequelae
  • Clinical Trials
  • Suggested Readings
  • References
  • ۱۶۰ Management Strategies for Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
  • Radical Prostatectomy
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Summary
  • References
  • ۱۶۱ Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer
  • Historical Overview
  • Molecular Biology of the Androgen Axis
  • Mechanisms of Androgen Blockade
  • Clinical Follow-Up on Hormonal Therapy
  • Combination Therapy
  • Timing of Therapy
  • References
  • ۱۶۲ Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
  • Clinical Considerations
  • Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
  • Next-Generation Hormonal Therapies
  • Immunotherapy
  • Targeted Treatments
  • Palliative Management
  • Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
  • Conclusion
  • Suggested Readings
  • References